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SayPro 116931-2-6 SayPro Lesson Connecting to the internet

Written by

Tsakani Rikhotso

in

 

Every computer that is connected to the Internet is part of a network, even the one in your home. For example, you may use a modem and dial a local number to connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). At work, you may be part of a local area network (LAN), but you most likely still connect to the Internet using an ISP that your company has contracted with. When you connect to your ISP, you become part of their network. The ISP may then connect to a larger network and become part of their network. The Internet is simply a network of networks.

 

CONNECTING USING ISP

ISPs provide individuals and organizations with Internet access for a fee. The ISP software package usually includes:
  • Username. A unique name used to gain access to a computer system.
  • Password. A combination of keyboard characters. Used in combination with a username, passwords allow access to restricted computer information. It is important to keep passwords secret.
  • Access phone number.
  1. Dial-Up

This is the most common (and cheapest way) people connect to the Internet. All you need is your telephone line, a modem, and special ISP-provided software. Using a data communications method called Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), your modem establishes a connection to the Internet by contacting the ISP’s computer. Dial-up connections are fairly simple to set up, usually taking less than an hour.

 

  1. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

DSL uses regular telephone lines to provide high-speed access. With the aid of a special modem-like device, DSL transfers information across regular telephone lines in digital format, allowing you to be online and talk on the phone at the same time. Although, DSL costs more than a dial-up connection, it’s still priced quite reasonably. In addition, it’s available in most areas, making it a popular alternative. However, a major drawback of DSL is that subscribers must be within a certain distance of the ISP or the connection deteriorates considerably.

 

  1. Cable

The same coaxial cables that provide you with television programming can also be used to connect you to the Internet. This is done through exclusive cable modems that can send and receive information at blazing speeds. Unlike DSL, cable signals hold up well over long distances. One disadvantage of cable Internet access is the problem of shared bandwidth, which means the more people who subscribe to cable in your area, the slower your connection speed will be.

 

  1. Satellite and Wireless

Some ISPs provide Internet access through satellite dishes or antennae they supply to subscribers. Both of these options are rather costly because of their fees and equipment.

 

LAN AND WAN NETWORK

A computer can connect to the internet via LAN and WAN.

There are two types of computer networks:
  • Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location (the same building, for example).

There are two types of computer networks:
  • Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location (the same building, for example).
    • Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN typically consists of 2 or more LANs. The computers are farther apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves. The Internet is the largest Wide Area Network (WAN) in existence.

    • SERVERS

      All computers on the Internet (a wide area network, or WAN) can be lumped into two groups: servers and clients. In a network, clients and servers communicate with one another.

    • A server is the common source that:
      • Provides shared services (for example, network security measures) with other machines

      AND

      • Manages resources (for example, one printer many people use) in a network.

      The term server is often used to describe the hardware (computer), but the term also refers to the software (application) running on the computer. Many servers are dedicated, meaning they only perform specific tasks.

      For example,
      • An email server is a computer that has software running on it allowing it to “serve” email-related services.
      • A web server has software running on it that allows it to “serve” web-related services.

      CLIENTS

      Remember, all computers on the Internet (a wide area network, or WAN) can be lumped into two groups: servers and clients, which communicate with one another.

      Independent computers connected to a server are called clients. Most likely, your home or office computer does not provide services to other computers. Therefore, it is a client.

      Clients run multiple client software applications that perform specific functions.

      For example,
      • An email application such as Microsoft Outlook is client software.
      • Your web browser (such as Internet Explorer or Netscape) is client software.

       

SERVERS AND CLIENTS COMMUNICATE

  • Your computer (client hardware) is running a web browser such as Internet Explorer (client software).
  • When you want to surf the web, your browser connects to a remote server and requests a web page.
  • The remote server (server hardware) runs web server software (server software).
  • The web server sends the web page to your computer’s web browser.
  • Your web browser displays the page.

    • Activity

      Match the correct term with its definition.

      ___1. LAN (Local Area Network) A. Consists of 2 or more LANs. The computers are farther apart and are linked by telephone lines, dedicated telephone lines, or radio waves.
      ___2. WAN (Wide Area Network) B. Common source that provides shared services to other machines and manages resources in a network.
      ___3. Server C. A project that allowed researchers and military personnel to communicate with each other in an emergency. The foundation of the Internet.
      ___4. Clients D. Two or more connected computers sharing certain resources in a relatively small geographic location.
      ___5. ARPAnet E. Computers connected to a server and do not provide services to other computers.

      Activity

      Whether you are at home, work, or are using a public computer, find out:

      • What type of (speed) modem you use
      • Who your ISP is
      • Determine what ISP offers the best range of services for the least amount of money.

       

      OPENING A INTERNET EXPLORER APPLICATION

      The following are the steps for opening the Internet Explorer Browser

      1. Click the Start  button.
      2. Go to Programmes,highlight and click Internet Explorer.
      3. .      Alternatively click the Internet Explorer icon   on the Desktop or on the Taskbar  next to Start button.

       

      BASIC WEB BROWSING

    • The important thing to remember when you first begin browsing the web is the Web address of a site you wish to visit. Go up to the “Address Bar” near the top of the page, and click on it. Now you can type in the Web address of the site you want, and then press enter. Internet Explorer will go to this site directly from whatever document you were currently viewing. This is much faster than going to a search engine and trying to locate the site you want in their directories, or searching for it with a query. (Address Bar shown below)Your first time that you browse the web, you may have some difficulty. Efficiently browsing the Web is just like any other complex task in life, it takes practice to be good at it. Internet Explorer has some built-in features which will help to make it easier for you to browse the web. The fastest way to get to a place that you don’t know its address and you want to search for, is to click on the “Search” button on the Internet Explorer main toolbar. This button will take you to a document within Microsoft’s home site. On this document you will find a choice of categories to look through and a list Search Engines to use. A Search Engine is an application that will attempt to find any documents that contain the subject or phrase that you enter into the search parameters. You can also browse through the categories of Web sites that the search engines have already organized for you.

THE MAIN EXPLORER TOOLBAR

The main toolbar is composed of eleven different buttons. Each of these buttons has a different function and purpose in Internet Explorer. The individual buttons will each be discussed in the following sections.

  1. The Back Button:  This button will take you back to whatever document you were previously viewing. Pressing it immediately takes you back one document. If you have browsed many pages, or are well into a multi-page document, pressing it repeatedly will continue to back you up one page at a time. Once you reach your starting location, it will be greyed-out and unavailable.
  2. The Forward Button:  This button will take you forward to the next document if you have previously browsed multiple documents and had then backed-up to the page you are currently viewing. (If you have not backed up at all, the forward button will be greyed-out) Pressing it repeatedly will continue to move you forward one page at a time. You can move forward until you reach the last page that you had browsed, at which time the forward button will be greyed-out.
  3. The Stop Button:  The stop button stops ANY current operations by Internet Explorer. It will stop any type of file from loading. It can also be used to stop animations from continuing once a page is loaded. If you press it before a page has finished loading, the page will display everything it had finished loading before the stop button was pressed. If a document is completely loaded and there are no animations, movies, or other files still running, the stop button will have no immediate function.
  4. The Refresh Button:  This button will reload the current document that you are viewing. It is useful if the page updates very frequently so that you can view these changes as soon as they are available. If you are loading a document and the transfer was interrupted, you can reload the full document again by clicking here.
  5. The Home Button:  This button will return you to the page you have selected as the default start-up page for Internet Explorer. It will not take you back to the beginning of your web browsing; it will just return you to your home location from where you are. If you press back after reaching your home page, you will go back to the page you left after you hit the Home button.
  6. The Search Button :  This button will take you to the page you have selected as the default Web search page for Internet Explorer. If you have not selected a page it will take you to Microsoft’s default search page.
  7. The Favorites Button :  This button will open up the Favorites menu. You can choose a favourite that you wish to go to from the list, add a favourite to the list, or organize your favourites from this menu.
  8. The Print Button:  The print button will bring up a Print dialog box. In the box you can decide if you would like to print the contents of the page you are viewing, how many pages you will print, and also how many copies you will print. Keep in mind that if you try to print a page that is graphics intensive, you will need a printer that is capable of printing graphics. Also, the more graphics and pages a Web site has, the longer it will take to print.
  9. The Font Button:  Pressing this button causes Internet Explorer to cycle through the available font sizes. This button is useful if the text is too small to read, or too large to fit comfortably in the window.
  10. The Mail Button:  This button will open into a drop down menu from which you can select to read or send E-Mail. You can also open up your newsgroups from this menu.
  11. The Edit Button:  This button will ONLY be on your toolbar if you have a Windows system Web editor (such as Microsoft Frontpage or Microsoft Word) installed on your computer. If you press this button, it will launch that editor and open the document you are currently viewing in it.

TO SAVE A WEBPAGE AS A FILE

  1. Open Internet Explorer by clicking the Startbutton , and then clicking Internet Explorer.
  2. Go to the webpage you want to save.
  3. Click the Pagebutton, and then click Save As.
  4. Navigate to the folder where you want to save the webpage. By default, webpages are saved in the Documents
  5. Type a new name in the File namebox if you want to change the name.
  6. In the Save as typebox, do one of the following:
    • To save all the files associated with the page, including graphics, frames, and style sheets in their original format, select Webpage, complete.
    • To save all information as a single file, select Web Archive, single file (*.mht).
    • To save just the current HTML page, without graphics, sounds, or other files, select Webpage, HTML only.
    • To save just the text from the current webpage, select Text File.
  7. Click Save.

 

REFRESHING AND STOPPING WEB PAGES

While using your browser’s cache may increase ease of use, you may not be getting the most up-to-date information a site has to offer. To do so, you need to refresh, or reload, a web page. Refreshing requests fresh pages from the web server rather than from the cache stored on your machine’s disk.

Most browsers include a Refresh button on the toolbar. (F5)

Refresh a web page when:
  • You want to view the latest version of the page. For example, when viewing a discussion forum, or a news-driven website.
  • You get a message that a web page cannot be displayed. For example, “Error 404, File Not found.”

Most browsers include a Stop button on the toolbar. (Esc)

Stop a web page when:
  • You want to stop a web page from loading.
  • A page is taking too long to load.
  • You mistyped a URL.

 

SETTING A HOME PAGE

Your home page is the first page you see when you start Internet Explorer (IE). Change your home page to make surfing the Web easier and more convenient.

For example, if you want to start each Internet session with Bluebridge.co.za, should be your home page. If you like to check the weather every time you log on, you might prefer as your home page.

To change the Home Page:
  • Choose Tools Internet Options from the IE menu bar. The Internet Options dialog box opens.

  • If not already selected, click the General tab.
  • Type a new URL in the home page section of the General tab.
  • Click OK.

OR

  • If you like the current page and want to set it as your new home page, click the Use Current button.
  • The Use Default button sets www.microsoft.com as your home page.
  • The Use Blank button sets a blank page as your home page. This option is beneficial to those who don’t want to begin each Internet session waiting for a home page to load.
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