SayPro Describe and use basic DC power supplies.

1.1 A basic power supply circuit is described by means of a circuit diagram.A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply. All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output. Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and control.DC power supplyA DC power supply is one that supplies a constant DC voltage to its load. Depending on its design, a DC power supply may be powered from a DC source or from an AC source such as the power mains.The Power Supply block DiagramMany electronic circuits need a direct current (DC) voltage source, but what we commonly find are voltage sources of alternating current (AC). In order to achieve a direct current voltage source, the alternating current input must follow a conversion process like the one shown in the picture below.The picture shows the operation of a voltage power supply using a block diagram. The picture also shows the waveforms at the beginning (AC input), at the end (DC output) and between each of the blocks.1.2 Various stages of power supply are identified and explained by means of wave forms and voltages.The Power Supply electric partsThe Electrical TransformerThe electrical transformer receives on the primary winding an AC voltage and delivers on the secondary winding a different AC voltage (a lower one). This AC output voltage must be according to the DC voltage we want to obtain at the end.The rectifierThe rectifier transforms the secondary winding AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage.The FilterThe filter, formed by one or more capacitors, flattens or smoothes the previous wave eliminating the alternating current (AC) component delivered by the rectifier. These capacitors are charged to the maximum voltage value that the rectifier can deliver, and they are discharged when the pulsating signal disappears. Look at the picture above.The Voltage regulatorThe voltage regulator receives the signal from the filter and delivers a constant voltage (let’s say 12 DC volts) regardless of the variations on the load or the voltage supply.Ideally, A DC Power Supply Unit (commonly called a PSU) deriving power from the AC mains (line) supply performs a number of tasks:• 1. It changes (in most cases reduces) the level of supply to a value suitable for driving the load circuit.• 2. It produces a DC supply from the mains (or line) supply AC sine wave.• 3. It prevents any AC from appearing at the supply output.• 4. It will ensure that the output voltage is kept at a constant level, independent of changes in:• a. The AC supply voltage at the supply input.• b. The Load current drawn from the supply output.• c. Temperature.Power Supply Block Diagram

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