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This Qualification is to provide learners with the conceptual framework and the skills necessary to perform routine functions within the Freight Forwarding and Customs Compliance environment. This Qualification is intended to equip learners to operate cross-functionally within the Freight Forwarding and Customs Compliance environment of the international logistics industry.

Qualifying learners will be able to pursue further development and Qualifications in such specialist as the international logistics and supply chain management.

Learners who successfully complete this Qualification will be able to:

• Apply the competencies of numeracy and literacy to everyday work related situations.
• Adhere to the required processes and procedures related to the import and export of internationally traded goods.
• Use geographic and logistics concepts to carry out routine import and export policies and procedures.

  This Qualification aims to assist people entering a career in the freight forwarding and customs compliance field and those already working in it maintain and improve their competencies in fulfilling and anticipating the needs of their clients and customers. It will create the opportunity:

• For a career path.
• To provide process and service standards.
• To improve productivity.
• To improve service delivery.

  Rationale:

  It has been estimated that logistics costs as a whole constitute at least 14% of the cost of goods in South Africa, which is at least 50% above the global norm. A large proportion of this overspend is attributed to inefficiencies caused by lack of competence. In order to become world competitive South Africa Limited needs to deliver its goods on time at the right place and at an acceptable cost. To do this requires the establishment and maintenance of world class supply chains. Competent international logistics and supply chain management practitioners and support staff are required for this purpose.

  This is a Qualification in a series for learners who want to follow a career in the field of freight forwarding and Customs compliance. This Qualification focuses on developing skills and knowledge necessary to perform in a competent manner in this industry.

  The NC: Freight Forwarding and Compliance, NQF Level 3 replaces the following Qualifications:

• National Certificate: Freight Forwarding, NQF Level 3.
• National Certificate: Customs Clearing, NQF Level 3.

• Communication at NQF Level 2.
• Mathematical Literacy at NQF Level 2.

  Access to the Qualification

  Access is open to all learners bearing in mind the learning assumed to be in place.

• Fundamental: 36 Credits.
• Core: 66 Credits.
• Elective: 28 Credits Minimum.

  Total: 130 Credits Minimum.

  Fundamental component:

• All unit standards to the value of 36 credits are compulsory.

  Core component:

• All unit standards to the value of 66 credits are compulsory.

  Elective component:

• The Elective component consists of four specialisations. Learners are to choose a specialisation based on the area in which they work or in which they are interested. Learners are then required to choose Elective standards for their chosen field of specialisation totalling a minimum of 28 credits.

  The specialisations are as follows:

  Generic:

• Perform processes and procedures required for the administration of import transactions.
• Perform the processes and procedures required for the administration of export transactions.
• Comply with procedures in respect of lost, discrepant and damaged cargo.
• Generate forwarding industry invoices, credit notes and landed costings.
• Handle cargo for import and export.
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of transportation insurance.
• Apply knowledge of insurance to the transportation of a consignment of goods.

  Customs:

• Calculate customs values.
• Calculate duties and tax payable on internationally traded goods.
• Classify commodities according to customs tariff.
• Frame and submit customs declarations and carrier release documentation.

  Airfreight:

• Document and handle export airfreight general non-hazardous cargo.
• Arrange the distribution of small to medium consignments door to door.
• Accept and process dangerous goods for transportation by air.
• Identify, pack, mark and label dangerous goods for transportation by air.
• Facilitate the final delivery and release of goods imported and exported by airfreight.
• Secure cargo for airfreight.
• Calculate costs of airfreighting goods.

  Surface Freight:

• Document and handle export surface general non-hazardous cargo.
• Facilitate the forwarding and clearing of dangerous goods for intermodal transportation.
• Handle dangerous goods during warehousing and storage.
• Apply groupage processes and procedures to cargo imported by surface.
• Administer multimodal surface freight import clearances.
• Evaluate and select sea freight carriers and agents.
• Carry out intermodal surface costings.

2. Adhere to the required processes and procedures related to the import and export of internationally traded goods.

3. Use geographic and logistics concepts to carry out routine import and export policies and procedures.

1.1 Oral and written communication is maintained and adapted as required to perform work related activities.
1.2 Numeracy skills are applied while performing routine tasks in an operational context.

Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 2:

2.1 Freight forwarding and customs compliance procedures and processes are understood and applied in the workplace.
2.2 Organisational and legal prescripts are understood and applied to daily work routines.
2.3 Freight forwarding and customs compliance information is evaluated and used to process import and export transactions.
2.4 Deviations and non-conformances are identified and responded to according to the requirements of the transaction.

Associated Assessment Criteria for Exit Level Outcome 3:

3.1 The world map is understood as it applies to internationally traded goods.
3.2 Factors influencing the routing of international cargo are understood and considered to plan imports and exports.
3.3 The different modes of transportation of internationally traded goods are understood and applied to imports and exports.

The major differences between this Qualification and the two most recognised Qualifications in the international arena are the inclusion of Fundamental learning. This notwithstanding, the theoretical and practical competencies of this Qualification correspond with those shown here.

International – International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association (FIATA):

Diploma in Freight Forwarding:

• An introduction to Freight Forwarding:
  > International freight forwarder and the freight business.
  > Organisation of the company.
  > Financial requirements.
  > Professional organisations.
  > FIATA documents and forms.
  > General knowledge of transport and related geography.
  > Special transport services.
  > Packing requirements.
  > Co-operation with other service providers.
  > Information and communication technologies.
• Sea Transport (General):
  > Regulations for the transport of goods by sea.
  > Shipping services.
  > Types of vessels.
  > Bill of lading.
  > Pricing of ocean freight.
  > Geography of ocean transport and port facilities.
• Maritime Containers (Sea Containers):
  > General knowledge of container transports by sea.
  > Types and specification for most used containers.
  > Loading procedure.
  > Way-bills and accompanying documents.
  > Pricing of inland and ocean freight.
  > Geography of container traffic.
• Air Transport:
  > General conditions of carriage.
  > Types and specifications of the most used aircrafts and air-pallets.
  > Way-bills and accompanying documents.
  > Calculation of airfreight.
  > Geography in air transport.
• Road Transport:
  > Legal requirements for national and international road transport.
  > Types of road vehicles.
  > Way-bills and accompanying documents.
  > Tariffs.
  > Geography of road transport.
• Rail Transport:
  > Legal requirements of national and international rail transport.
  > Ways and means of transportation.
  > Way-bills and accompanying documents.
  > Tariffs (conventional or combined transport).
  > Geography and operational aspects in rail transport.
• National/International Carriage by Inland Waterway:
  > Legal requirements of transports by inland waterway.
  > Types of barges used in inland waterway carriage.
  > Way-bills and accompanying documents.
  > Determination of freight charges for inland waterway transport.
  > Geography of inland waterways.
• Customs Procedures:
  > General information on the national customs administration.
  > National customs tariffs.
  > National customs procedures.
  > Liability of the freight forwarder.
  > International conventions.
  > Other possible duties of the customs administration.
• Logistics:
  > Logistics and forwarding.
  > Logistics concept/project.
  > Physical distribution systems.
  > Sub-systems in logistics (Supply Chain Management).
  > Information handling and control issues.
  > Value added services.
  > Commodity related systems.
  > Rights and duties of the warehouse operator and the customer.
  > Types of warehouse.
  > Warehouse documents and information technology.
  > Construction, layout and safety.
  > Debit of warehouse charges/rent.
  > General.
• Insurance:
  > Liability insurance.
  > Transport insurance.
• Dangerous Goods:
  > Role of parties in the transport chain.
  > Regulations.
  > Classification.
  > Marking of hazardous cargo and cargo handling.
  > Training.
  > Documentation.
• Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in Forwarding:
  > Basic understanding of computer and its environment.
  > The role of information technologies in forwarding.
  > Data storage and management and databases.
  > Principles of networking and data sharing.
  > Telecommunication and its applications.
  > Electronic data interchange and value-added network.
  > Bar-coding and its application.
  > Internet and web-based technology.
  > e-Commerce.
  > Web-based applications and e-marketplace.
  > Security.
  > Electronic fund transfer and e-payments.

  The above Qualification is offered worldwide throughout the international logistics and supply chain management sectors and it was found that it compares exceptionally well with both the NQF Level 3 and Level 4 Qualifications. There is however no Fundamental learning in this international Qualification.

  Canada – Forum for International Trade Training (FITT):

• Certificate in International Marketing:
  > The principles of marketing.
  > Domestic vs. International marketing.
  > Market research.
  > Market access.
  > Cultural considerations in international marketing.
  > Political, legal and regulatory considerations in international marketing.
  > Marketing the right product or service.
  > Personal selling abroad.
  > Mass marketing abroad.
  > Enhancing the marketing effort.
  > Marketing services.

  There are only a few areas of similarity between this Qualification and the FITT qualification as the latter focuses substantially on the marketing and selling process. This Qualification only has certain components that focus on this area.

• Certificate in International Trade Finance:
  > An introduction to trade finance.
  > The financing presentation.
  > Trade finance, risk analysis and risk management.
  > Foreign exchange rates.
  > Export costing and transaction viability.
  > Payment methods and short term financing.
  > Factoring and forfeiting.
  > Understanding and processing documentary credits.
  > Bonds and guarantees.
  > Export credit insurance and financing.
  > Cash flow planning.
  > Counter trade and consignment.

  It is obvious from the above Qualification that there is only one aspect that compares with ours in that we only look at the interpretation of financial statements and not the in-depth manner in which they look into international trade finance. It must be noted however, that it is within the Elective category of the South African qualification that a far more in-depth look is taken into finance.

  Ireland – Irish International Freight Forwarding Association (IIFFA):

• Traineeship in Freight Forwarding:
  > General Knowledge of the Industry.
  > Sea transport.
  > Road Transport.
  > Air Transport.
  > Customs procedures.
  > Warehousing/Logistics.
  > Transport Insurance.
  > Customer Service (City and Guilds).
  > Manual Handling Training (City and Guilds).
  > ECDL (European Computer Driving Licence.

  The learning taking place in the above Qualification has similar outcomes to the South African one and therefore they compare favourably with each other. It must be noted that the choice of electives affects the degree of alignment between the two qualifications.

  Japan – Customs Training Institute:

• Certificate: Introduction for Officials Level 3:
  > Acquire Sense of Responsibility as a Member of Society.
  > Duties and Responsibilities as Public Employee.
  > Acquire Basic knowledge and Skills for Efficient Customs Work.
• Certificate: Intermediate Level 3:
  > Acquire Practical knowledge and Skills of Customs Work.
• Certificate: Technical:
  > Officials acquire knowledge for tasks.

  The above courses from Japan only offer an introductory insight to Customs work and therefore do not go into the same detail as the South African qualification. As can be seen they do not cover any of the practical work required at this level and they focus almost exclusively on Customs compliance whereas the South African Qualifications is far more generalised on international logistics and supply chain management.

  Hungary – Budapest M?szaki �s Gazd�sagtudom�nyi Egyetem:

• Diploma in Freight Forwarding Managers:
  > National and International Legislation.
  > Agreements, Rules and Practices on Freight Forwarding.
  > Transportation by Rail, Road, Air or Inland Navigation and Maritime Transport.
  > Relevant Procedures.
  > Insurance.

  This particular Diploma has all the elements contained in the South African Qualification and therefore compares very well with it. Our Qualification however contains more detail and has additional competencies included in it.

  None of the SADC countries seemed to have any Qualifications or courses to make comparisons with. It was found that some may however offer the FIATA Diploma.

  Conclusion:

  While there may be different ways of expressing the content of the learning taking place all over the world, there is sufficient consensus that it all refers to the same basic competencies required to work within the ‘international logistics and supply chain management’ environment. It is evident that the South African Level 3 Qualification compares well to the FIATA and FITT programmes, although their competencies are spread over both the NQF Level 3 and 4 Qualifications.

• ID 23654: National Certificate: Management, NQF Level 3.
• ID 57831: National Certificate: Freight Handling, NQF Level 3.
• ID 48437: National Certificate: Road Transport, NQF Level 3.
• National Certificate: Ports and Harbours, NQF Level 3.

  Vertical articulation is possible with:

• FETC: Business Administration Services.
• ID 49129: FETC: Management and Administration, NQF Level 4.
• ID 57712: FETC: Generic Management, NQF Level 4.
• ID 57849: FETC: Dangerous Goods: Multi-modal Transportation, NQF Level 4.
• ID 57806: FETC: Exports, NQF Level 4.
• ID 49155: FETC: Shipping, NQF Level 4.

• Anyone assessing a learner or moderating the assessment of a learner against this Qualification must be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA.
• Any institution offering learning that will enable the achievement of this Qualification must be accredited as a provider with the relevant ETQA.
• Assessment and moderation of assessment will be overseen by the relevant ETQA according to the ETQA’s policies and guidelines for assessment and moderation; in terms of agreements reached around assessment and moderation between ETQA’s (including professional bodies); and in terms of moderation guideline detailed in “Qualification Assessor Criteria”.
• Moderation must include both internal and external moderation of assessments at exit points of the Qualification, unless ETQA policies specifies otherwise. Moderation should also encompass achievement of the competence described both in individual Unit Standards, Exit Level Outcomes as well as the integrated competence described in the Qualification.
• Anyone wishing to be assessed against this Qualification may apply to be assessed by any assessment agency, assessor or provider institution that is accredited by the relevant ETQA.

• Be registered as an assessor with the relevant ETQA or an ETQA that has a memorandum of understanding with the relevant ETQA.
• Be in possession of a relevant Qualification at NQF Level 4 or higher.

• Qualification 22442, which is “National Certificate: Freight Forwarding, level 3, 140 credits.
• Qualification 22440, which is “National Certificate: Customs Clearing” Level 3, 134 Crediits.