SayPro KEY ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC CARE

One of the primary roles of child and youth care workers is to provide care and support to children who are vulnerable to harm because of their circumstances. The Children’s Act provides guidance on the identification of vulnerable children and sets out rules governing the manner in which care and support must be provided to them.The care provided by child and youth care workers starts with the identification of children who are at risk of harm or who are being harmed, and continues until the relationship comes to an end when the child reaches the age of 18 years or is reunited with his or her family.The rules of the Act govern this relationship and must be followed by child and youth care workers throughout the full cycle of the provision of care and support to vulnerable children in their care.When is a child in need of care and protection? The Children’s Act identifies specific children as being in need of care and protection, including a child that:

• has been abandoned or orphaned and is without any visible means of support;
• is in a state of physical or mental neglect;
• is being maltreated, abused, deliberately neglected or degraded;
• has been exploited or lives in circumstances that expose him or her to exploitation;
• displays behaviour which cannot be controlled by the parent or caregiver;
• lives or works on the streets or begs for a living;
• has been trafficked;
• is addicted to a dependence-producing substance and is without any support to obtain treatment;
• lives in, or is exposed to, circumstances which may seriously harm that child’s physical, mental or social well-being; or
• If there is reason to believe that the child will live in, or be exposed to, seriously harmful circumstances if he or she is returned to the parent, guardian or caregiver.

Secure careSecure care is defined as "a residential facility and/or programme of intervention which ensures the appropriate physical, behavioural and emotional containment of young people who are charged with crimes and who are awaiting trial or sentenced." According to the Children’s Amendment Act of 2007, the aim is to ensure "the physical containment in a safe and healthy environment:

1. of children with behavioural and emotional difficulties; and
2. of children in conflict with the law."

Although secure care is part of residential care facilities, it will be discussed separately in order to highlight its specific nature and role. Other scholars further define secure residential care as "a type of service in which young people receive mandated care and treatment in a locked facility." There seems to be a clear objective for secure care facilities. Such facilities are meant to provide an environment, milieu and programme conducive to the care, safety and healthy development of each young person, while at the same time ensuring the protection of communities.Community-based child and youth care The definition of community varies, depending on the purpose for such a definition. It was suggested that a particular part of a town might be referred to as a community, in which case all the residents, the businesses and the social and cultural services and activities are included as forming part of that community. Some such geographic communities may be characterised by a high concentration of particular social identities, such as an ethnic group or commonalities of economic status, he added. Others might be characterised by very high levels of diversity with many ethnicities, a wide range of economic statuses, and multiple other social identities all living together in a particular geographic space. Whatever definition one chooses to adopt, from a CYC perspective, the researcher would propose a definition that allows children to remain at the heart of what constitutes

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