SayPro The process of construction

The process of construction of a schedule and a questionnaire is almost same, except some minor differences in mechanics. This process is not a matter of simply listing questions that comes to researchers mind. It is a rational process involving much time, effort and thought. It consists of the following major steps:

1. Data need determination: As an interview schedule or a mailed questionnaire is an instrument for gathering data for a specific study, its construction should flow logically from the data required for the given study.

2. Preparation of “Dummy” tables: The best way to ensure the requirements of information is to develop “dummy” tables in which to display the data to be gathered.

3. Determination of the respondents’ level: Who are our respondents? Are they persons with specialized knowledge relating to the problem under study? Or are they lay people? What is their level of knowledge and understanding? The choice of words and concepts depends upon the level of the respondents’ knowledge.

4. Data gathering method decision: Which communication mode is most appropriate – face-to-face interview or mailing? The choice of ques-tion structure depends largely on the communication mode chosen.

5. Instrument drafting: After determining the data required for the study, first, a broad outline of the instrument may be drafted, listing the various broad categories of data. Second, the sequence of these groupings must be decided. Third, the questions to be asked under each group heading must be listed. All conceivable items relevant to the ‘data need’ should be compiled.

6. Evaluation of the draft instrument: In consultation with other qualified persons, the researcher must rigorously examine each question in the draft instrument.

7. Pre-testing: The revised draft must be pre-tested in order to identify the weaknesses of the instrument and to make the required further revisions to rectify them.

8. Specification of procedures/instructions: After the instruction is finalised after pre-tests, the procedures or instructions, relating to its use must be specified.

9. Designing the format: The format should be suited to the needs of the research. The instrument should be divided into different sections relating to the different aspects of the problem.

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